In the first half of 2025, several currencies fell sharply against the U.S. dollar. The Venezuelan bolívar lost over half its value despite vast oil reserves, while the Libyan dinar dropped 9%. What caused these collapses, and what lessons can Libya learn?

Global markets are jolted as Israel and Iran exchanged missile and drone strikes, escalating tensions in the Middle East. Oil prices surged on fears of disrupted supply, as the region is crucial to global energy—making oil a key indicator of the crisis.